减小变频空调压缩机低速范围内转速脉动的方法
张猛 李永东 赵铁夫 黄立培
清华大学电力系统国家重点实验室 北京 100084
摘要 近年来永磁同步电机因其固有优点在空调压缩机中得到了广泛的应用，但常用的永磁同步电机−单转子式压缩机系统由于工作条件的限制无法安装位置编码器，受位置估算精度的制约一般采用方波驱动，必然导致电机本身输出转矩脉动偏大。同时在每个机械周期内压缩机负载脉动非常剧烈，也造成整个系统低速运行时转速脉动大噪声高效率降低。本文将模型参考自适应方法推广到凸极永磁同步电机中对电机转速和转子位置进行准确估算，实现了正弦波矢量控制针对空调压缩机脉动负载。定义了机械周期内电磁转矩对位置积分的能量，函数有效地估算出当前负载状况通过查表法获得估算的负载转矩，然后根据估算的转子位置对负载脉动转矩进行转矩电流前馈补偿，显著降低了压缩机低频噪声和振动仿真和实验结果验证了本文所提方法的有效性和实用性。关键词 永磁同步电机空调压缩机 无速度传感器控制 模型参考自适应
中图分类号 TM341
A New Method to Reduce the Periodic Speed Ripples of Air-Conditioners in Low Speed Range
Zhang Meng Li Yongdong Zhao Tiefu Huang Lipei
Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
Abstract Recently, permanent magnetic synchronous motors(PMSM) are widely used inhousehold appliance. For a common PMSM-Single Rotator Compressor system, encoder is not usedbecause of the limitation of the working environment. The vibration of the compressor during eachmechanical period is serious due to the pulsating load torque in low speed range and the ripple of themotor output torque caused by square wave driving method. In this paper, a speed estimation methodbased on model reference adaptive system(MRAS) is extended to a interior PMSM. With the speed andposition obtained, vector control of the interior PMSM is realized. A new energy function is defined toestimate the load condition. According to the energy function, the load torque can be estimated by alook-up table. Then a feedforward compensation of load torque current is utilized to reduce the speedripple caused by the pulsating load torque. Simulation and experiment results prove the effectiveness ofthe proposed method.
Keywords PMSM, compressor, sensor-less control, MRAS
1 引言
采用永磁同步电机驱动的变频式滚动转子压缩机效率高零部件少重量轻体积小起动电流小节能效果明显在小型家用空调中正日益得到广泛应用[1] 但目前还存在的一些问题限制了这种变频压缩机的推广应用其中最严重的是低速范围内的转速波动及由此带来的低频噪声和震动问题。
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