动磁式直线压缩机设计与试验研究
叶晓平，马永寿，金涛
(1.浙江大学化工机械研究所，浙江杭州310027;2.丽水学院 机械工程系，浙江丽水323000)
摘要：研制了一台新型结构的直线压缩机，采用直线振荡电机进行驱动，具有结构紧凑、效率高等特点.以等效磁路法对电机电磁场进行了简化，推导出了电磁推力计算公式，并建立了压缩机动力学模型，为压缩机各项结构参数的设计提供了理论依据.以空气为压缩工质进行试验，测试了压缩机的部分性能指标。包括电流、功率，功率因数、位移和在排气阀关死状态下压缩机所能达到的最大压力，指出了影响直线压缩机性能的关键因素是共振特性和余隙容积效率.试验结果表明，直线压缩机摩擦损耗小，可以实现无油润滑;控制灵活，可以实现无级气量调节;当改变工况时能够保证较高的制冷系数(COP)值.动磁式直线压缩机具有比传统往复式制冷压缩机更优越的性能和优化空间，特别适用于小型制冷设备和清洁气体的压缩.
关键词：直线压缩机I直线振荡电机I等效磁路
中图分类号：TH457 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1008—973X(2008)02—0229—05Design and test on moving-magnet linear compressor
YE Xiao-pin，MA Yong—shou，JIN Tao
(1.Institute of Chemical Machinery Engineering，Z^ejiang University，Hangzhou 310027，China;2.Department of Mechantronic Engineering，Lishui University，Lishui 323000，China)
Abstract：A new type of linear compressor driven by a linear oscillation motor was developed。which hascompact configuration and high efficiency and is especially applicable to refrigerator equipment and cleangas compressor.An equivalent magnetic circuit method was used to simplify the electromagnetic fieldequations and calculate the magnetic drive force.Then a motor dynamic model was constructed to analyzethe key structural parameters which affecting the dynamic characteristic of the compressor.Parts Of theperformance criteria were tested using air as working fluid，including current，power，power factor，dis—placement and the maximum pressure that the compressor reached in the closed state of the exhaust valve.The important factors affecting the efficiency of linear compressor were indicated to be the resonance featureand clearance volumetric efficiency.The theoretical and test research show that this type of compres—sor has the advantages of low friction loss，oil—free operation，continuously modulated operation and high coefficient of performance(COP)in the operating range.
Key words：linear compressor;linear oscillation motor;equivalent magnetic circuit
直线压缩机由直线振荡电机驱动，与传统的往复活塞式压缩机相比，它没有将电机旋转运动转变为活塞直线运动的曲柄连杆机构，大大减少了摩擦损耗，能使制冷性能提高30%以上‘13;活塞行程及余隙容积可以通过输入电压进行控制，能够在变工况下保持较高的制冷系数(coefficient of perform—ance，COP)值，因此直线压缩机是一种较为理想的新机型.
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